Research & Insights

Name fragmentation

Working Paper · August 23, 2026 · 14 min read

Entity Resolution in Bills of Lading: Why Raw Consignee Names Are Not Firm IDs

Panjiva company IDs and AMS name matching: Walmart INC has zero ocean bills before 2018; Home Depot USA INC has four in 2020. Raw consignee strings invent fake exits. Public replication of why faculty buy entity identifiers.

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China Plus One

Working Paper · August 23, 2026 · 16 min read

China Plus One in US Import Data: Vietnam Sourcing, Nearshoring, or Just a New Chinese Port?

Friendshoring and Section 301 in CBP bills of lading, 2016–2017 vs 2024–2025. China vs Vietnam, Mexico, and India: new factories, or the same Chinese exporter filing from Hai Phong?

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COVID

Working Paper · August 22, 2026 · 18 min read

COVID-19 Supply Chain Disruption and Supplier Turnover: Evidence from US Bills of Lading

Did the pandemic permanently raise importer–supplier churn? CBP AMS ocean bills of lading, 2014–2019 vs 2020–2025, for Walmart, Home Depot, Nike, IKEA, Tesla, and other large US importers. Exit rates did not rise.

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Liquid Death

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Liquid Death Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Liquid Death imports trade analysis: US Customs data on suppliers, carriers, and supply chain. Economics of canned water imports and supply chain evolution from Austria to US domestic production.

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IKEA

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

IKEA Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

IKEA imports trade analysis: US Customs data on furniture, textiles, suppliers by country (China, Vietnam, Poland, Europe), and carriers. Economics of IKEA US trade and supply chain.

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HARIBO

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Haribo Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Haribo imports trade analysis: US Customs data on gummy candy, suppliers from Germany and Turkey, carriers, and supply chain. Economics of Haribo US trade and domestic production.

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Apple

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Apple Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Apple Inc imports trade analysis: US Customs data on electronics, components, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Apple supply chain and US trade (technology company only).

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SAMSUNG

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Samsung Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Samsung Electronics imports trade analysis: US Customs data on electronics, displays, suppliers by country, and carriers. Economics of Samsung US trade and supply chain.

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Google

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Google Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Google LLC imports trade analysis: US Customs data on hardware, data center equipment, Pixel, Nest, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Google US trade beyond software.

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Harvard

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Harvard University Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Harvard University imports trade analysis: US Customs data on lab equipment, supplies, and institutional procurement. Economics of university supply chains.

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Sephora

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Sephora Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Sephora imports trade analysis: US Customs data on beauty products, cosmetics, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Sephora US trade and supply chain.

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Target

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Target Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Target Corporation imports trade analysis: US Customs data on apparel, home goods, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Target US trade and supply chain.

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lululemon

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Lululemon Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Lululemon imports trade analysis: US Customs data on athletic apparel, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Lululemon US trade and supply chain.

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Walmart

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Walmart Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Walmart imports trade analysis: US Customs data on retail products, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Walmart US trade and supply chain.

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McDonald's

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

McDonald's Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

McDonald's imports trade analysis: US Customs data on equipment, packaging, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of McDonald's US supply chain.

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Starbucks

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Starbucks Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Starbucks imports trade analysis: US Customs data on coffee, equipment, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Starbucks US trade and supply chain.

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SpaceX

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

SpaceX Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

SpaceX imports trade analysis: US Customs data on aerospace components, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of SpaceX supply chain.

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Tesla

Trade Analysis · February 14, 2025 · 8 min read

Tesla Economics: US Imports & Trade Analysis

Tesla imports trade analysis: US Customs data on EV components, batteries, suppliers, and carriers. Economics of Tesla US trade and supply chain.

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